Base functions are a set of functions in the R programming language that are included in the base package, which is automatically installed and loaded when the R problem executes. These functions provide a wide range of functionality, including mathematical operations, statistical functions, data manipulation, and input/output operations.
In this article, I will explain some R base functions from the R Programming Language.
R Mathematical Functions
R Base Package has a wide range of built-in mathematical functions that can be used to perform various types of mathematical operations, such as arithmetic, algebraic, trigonometric, and statistical functions.
The R Arithmetic operations are +, -, *, /, ^, %/%, %% and below are some algebraic functions.
| R Mathematical Functions | Description | | --- | --- | | abs() | Calculate the absolute value of a numeric vector. | | sqrt() | Calculate the square root of a numeric vector. | | round() | Calculate the round of a numeric vector. | | ceiling() | Round numbers up to the nearest integer. | | floor() | Round numeric values to the nearest integer. | | sign() | Returns -1 for negative values, Returns 1 for positive values, And 0 for zero. | | exp() | Calculate the exponential value of a numeric vector. | | log(), log10() | Calculate the natural logarithm of a numeric vector. |
These are just a few examples, and there are many more mathematical functions available in R. You can find a complete list of mathematical functions in the R documentation or by typing help(math) in the R console.
R Statistical functions
R also has a wide range of built-in statistical functions that can be used to perform various types of statistical analyses, such as computing descriptive statistics, testing hypotheses, and fitting statistical models.
Besides R base functions, you can also use specialized packages in R, such as the stats package, to access additional statistical functions.
Here are some examples of common statistical functions in R.
| R Statistical functions | Description | | --- | --- | | mean() | | | median() | | | mode() | | | sd() | | | var() | | | quantile() | | | range() | | | max() | | | min() | | | sum() | | | prod() | |
You can find a complete list of statistical functions in the R documentation or by typing help(stats) in the R console.
R Input / Output Functions
| R Input/Output Functions | Description | | --- | --- | | read.csv() | | | read.table() | | | write.csv() | | | write.table() | | | cat() | | | scan() | | | readLines() | | | paste() | | | format() | | | print(), sprintf(), print() | | | source() | |
Data Manipulation
These data manipulation functions are pretty much used with Data Frames, Vectors, Lists, Matrices, and other R objects.
| Base Functions | Description | | --- | --- | | with() | | | within() | | | head() | | | tail() | | | sort() | | | order() | | | unique() | | | duplicated() | | | which() | | | match() | | | table() | | | length() | | | nrow() | | | ncol() | | | attributes() | | | summary() | | | names() | | | is.na() | | | is.nan() | | | is.integer() | | | is.numeric() | | | is.complex() | | | is.character() | | | is.logical() | | | is.matrix() | | | is.array() | | | is.null() | | | is.data.frame() | | | is.vector() | | | is.list() | | | is.recursive() | |
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Conclusion
In this article, you have learned different R base package functions. Functions from the R base package are automatically installed and available to use by default. These functions provide a wide range of functionality, including mathematical operations, statistical functions, data manipulation, and input/output operation
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